Nestled in the heart of the Himalayas, Nepal has a unique and rich history of sovereignty, independence, and resilience, which is worth exploring and understanding.
Without a typical “Independence Day,” this article unravels the intricacies of Nepal’s journey through history and its distinct path to sovereignty.
Does Nepal have Independence Day?
Contrary to most nations around the globe, Nepal does not celebrate a traditional Independence Day. Why is this so? The key lies in Nepal’s distinct historical path.
As an un-colonized nation, it never endured the yoke of foreign rule to the extent that required a fight for independence.
Unlike countries that emerged from colonial control, Nepal maintained a degree of autonomy throughout its history, even during periods of intense foreign influence.
Thus, the question “Why is Independence Day celebrated in Nepal?” doesn’t apply because no day is marked for such a celebration.
Instead, Nepal’s steadfast resilience and historical circumstances have granted it the unique position of being a nation without a formal Independence Day.
Frequently asked question about topic – Independence Day in Nepal
No, Nepal does not have an Independence Day like other colonized countries. However, it does celebrate Democracy Day and Republic Day, which are significant milestones in its history.
Republic Day, or Ganatantra Diwas, marks when Nepal was declared a Federal Democratic Republic in 2008, ending the centuries-old monarchy. It is a celebration of the democratic spirit of the nation.
Republic Day is celebrated on Jestha 15, according to the Nepali calendar, which typically falls in late May on the Gregorian calendar.
Democracy Day commemorates the end of the Rana Dynasty’s authoritarian rule in 1951 and the beginning of democratic governance.
Republic Day in Nepal is celebrated with various activities such as flag-raising ceremonies, cultural performances, parades, and public speeches. The day is marked by nationwide festivities that reflect the country’s diverse cultural heritage.
Nepal was never colonized, so there isn’t a specific year of independence. However, in 2008, the nation transitioned from a monarchy to a Federal Democratic Republic, which some call the “independence year.”
On national days like Republic Day and Democracy Day, the Nepalese honor their nation by participating in nationwide celebrations, attending cultural and ceremonial events, expressing national pride, and upholding the values of democracy and republicanism.
Nepal was able to maintain its independence through strategic diplomacy and tough resistance against colonizing forces during periods of European colonial expansion.
Yes, Nepal observes its National Democracy Day on February 19 each year. This day commemorates the end of the autocratic Rana Regime and the establishment of democracy in the country in 1951.
Republic Day in Nepal is celebrated on May 29th. It commemorates the date in 2008 when Nepal was declared a republic, ending the 240-year-old monarchy.
What is the Age of Nepal?
The age of Nepal as a recognized, sovereign nation-state dates back to September 25, 1768, marking it as one of the oldest nations in South Asia.
This was when Prithvi Narayan Shah, the ruler of the tiny principality of Gorkha, succeeded in unifying several independent states and kingdoms into a single entity known as Nepal.
Compared with its southern neighbour, India, which gained official status as an independent nation much later on August 15, 1947, it becomes clear that Nepal has a significantly longer history as a unified nation.
Precisely, Nepal is 178 years, ten months, and 21 days older than India.
This time difference emphasizes the enduring sovereignty of Nepal and its early establishment as an independent entity, further solidifying its unique position in the regional and global historical landscape.
Understanding the Historical Context
The British Empire and Its Engagement with Nepal
The British Empire’s history of expansion is storied and significant, with its influence extending across continents and cultures.
By the early 19th century, the British East India Company had established extensive control over much of the Indian subcontinent. This voracious entity, hungering for power, wealth, and resources, soon cast its gaze upon the independent kingdom of Nepal.
The initial British interest in Nepal was primarily commercial. The British saw the potential for trade routes with Tibet through the Himalayan passes of Nepal, eyeing a lucrative opportunity that could further bolster their economic dominance in the region.
Recognition of Gurkha Forces by the British
Yet, while trade was a significant factor, the Gurkha forces’ burgeoning power and strategic capabilities didn’t escape British notice.
The Gurkhas, renowned for their bravery and skill in battle, were essential to Nepal’s independent status.
Recognizing this, the British approach to Nepal was marked by a mix of commercial interest and a nuanced appreciation for the strength of the Gurkha warriors.
The Defining Conflict: Anglo-Nepal War
The Anglo-Nepal War, also known as the Gurkha War, stands as a pivotal chapter in Nepal’s history.
Taking place between 1814 and 1816, this war represented a clash of wills and resources between the independent kingdom of Nepal and the expanding British Empire.
Origins of the War
The conflict originated from border disputes and the annexation of territories on the Terai plains by the Gurkhas in the preceding decades.
The British East India Company, wary of the expansion and seeking to secure its frontiers, initiated the war. Thus, the stage was set for a confrontation that would significantly shape Nepal’s future trajectory.
Battle of Nalapanu and Gurkha Valor
Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, the Nepalese soldiers fought valiantly. The war is particularly noted for the Battle of Nalapani, the first significant conflict of the war.
In this battle, the Nepalese forces, led by the heroic Balbhadra Kunwar, held off a vastly superior British force for over a month. The Gurkhas’ fearless combat skills and tactical brilliance earned them great respect from their British adversaries.
This admiration eventually led to the formation of Gurkha regiments within the British Army, a legacy that continues to this day.
The Sacrifices of Nepal: Sugauli Treaty
The treaty of Sugauli, signed in 1816, marked the end of the Anglo-Nepal War. While it brought a cessation of hostilities, it required substantial sacrifices from Nepal, altering the country’s territorial expanse and socio-political landscape.
Terms and Territorial Losses
The terms of the Treaty of Sugauli were harsh for Nepal. It required Nepal to relinquish its claim over the Terai plains and other disputed regions like Sikkim, Darjeeling, and Kumaon.
These territories were ceded to the British Empire, substantially reducing Nepal’s size and direct influence over these regions.
Sikkim, historically a vassal of Nepal, was converted into a British protectorate.
Additionally, Darjeeling’s wealthy tea estates and Kumaon’s strategic military position were transferred to British control.
The Beginning of Gurkha Regiments
Despite these significant territorial losses, the treaty also had an unusual stipulation. The British, impressed by the Gurkhas’ bravery and resilience during the war, were granted permission to recruit Gurkhas into their forces.
This marked the beginning of the esteemed Gurkha Regiments within the British Army, a tradition that continues today.
The Anglo-Nepal War and its aftermath, marked by the Sugauli Treaty, were pivotal moments in Nepal’s history.
Rule of Rana and Their Eradication Birthing Independence
Following the Anglo-Nepal War, Nepal entered a period of internal strife marked by the rule of the Rana dynasty.
The Rana regime exercised considerable power, transforming the office of the Prime Minister into a hereditary position monopolized by members of the Rana family.
The Reign of the Rana Dynasty
The Rana rule was characterized by extravagance and cruelty. While the Rana aristocracy lived in opulence, most Nepalese people endured severe hardship.
This stark contrast between the rulers and the ruled further instigated popular discontent against the Rana regime.
The Decline of the Rana Regime and the Rise of Democracy
In 1951, a significant transition began in Nepal. The oppressive Rana rule was challenged, and the first non-Rana Prime Minister, MP Koirala, was eventually elected.
This change marked the end of Rana’s dominance and heralded the start of a democratic era in Nepal.
Given Nepal’s unique history of sovereignty, some consider this transition a form of ‘independence’. The shift from a dynastic regime to a democratically elected leadership symbolizes a significant liberation moment for the nation, marking the end of a lengthy internal autocracy.
Though not conventional ‘independence’ as understood globally, this transition is celebrated by many in Nepal as a significant stride towards political freedom and self-governance.
How does Nepal celebrate Independence Day?
Also known as National Democracy Day in Nepal, Independence Day is celebrated on the 17th of Falgun per the Hindu Calendar (Bikram Sambat), which falls on February 18 according to the Gregorian Calendar.
This day marks the end of the authoritarian rule of the Rana Dynasty and the dawn of democracy in the nation.
National Celebrations
The Nepalese government and various organizations arrange special programs and events throughout the country.
The celebration and honour of the nation extend to the streets, with the unique triangular national flag hoisted high and the national anthem reverberating in schools, public places, and government offices.
The Heart of Celebration: Tundikhel
However, the epicentre of the celebration is Tundikhel, a historical para ground and public space in Kathmandu, Tundikhel, with its vast open space and central location, has historically been a popular venue for public gatherings, military parades, and cultural events in the city.
On Independence Day, Tundikhel comes alive with vibrant festivals.
During the celebration, the President and other high-ranking officials address the nation, reinforcing the day’s significance.
The day is filled with auspicious celebrations marked with parades, processions, and cultural programs showcasing the country’s diverse glamour.
Citizen Participation
People nationwide participate in rallies and sports events, reflecting the spirit of unity and the shared joy of celebrating their hard-won democracy.
The day serves as a reminder of the people’s power to effect change and their commitment to democratic values, fostering national unity and collective pride in their unique historical journey.
Nations Without an Independence Day: A Global Perspective
Like Nepal, several nations worldwide do not celebrate Independence Day, primarily because they have never been colonized.
These countries have maintained their sovereignty and, as such, have no historical moment of liberation from foreign rule to commemorate.
Thailand: The Unconquered Land of Smiles
Despite Southeast Asia being a region significantly impacted by imperialism, Thailand remains the only nation that has never been colonized.
Therefore, Independence Day needs to find a place in Thai celebrations. Thailand, famously known as the “Land of Smiles,” for its people’s friendly demeanour, celebrates its rich cultural heritage and sovereignty in other ways.
France: From Monarchy to Republic
France, a country with a profound historical legacy, has never been colonized by another nation.
While it does not celebrate Independence Day per se, France marks July 14, known as Bastille Day, commemorating the end of monarchy and the birth of the modern republic during the French Revolution.
China: A History of Self-Rule
With its centuries-long history of dynastic rule, China has no recorded history of colonization by external nations.
Therefore, China does not have an Independence Day. Instead, it marks October 1 as National Day, celebrating the establishment of the People’s Republic of China.
Russia: Commemorating Sovereignty
Although Russia celebrates its National Day on June 12, it has never been colonized.
In 1992, The Russian Supreme Assembly designated this day as a national holiday to commemorate the sovereignty of the Russian Federation.
Canada: Self-Governance Day
Canada became a self-governing entity on July 1, 1867, according to the British North America (BNA) Act.
This day, celebrated as Canada Day, commemorates self-governance rather than independence from colonial rule.
Denmark: Celebrating Constitution Day
Denmark, like Nepal, has never been colonized, so it has no Independence Day. Instead, Denmark showcases its patriotism on June 5, commemorating Constitution Day, which marks the country’s transition to a constitutional monarchy.
These examples reiterate that national celebrations are only sometimes synonymous. They often reflect unique historical paths each country has taken to shape their modern identity.
Republic Day of Nepal (Ganatantra )
In the historical timeline of Nepal, amidst various crucial milestones, one that stands out profoundly is the establishment of the country as a federal democratic republic.
This transition is celebrated as the Republic Day of Nepal or Ganatantra Diwas. While not a conventional ‘Independence Day’, the day is a significant celebration of independence in its own right – independence from the centuries-old monarchic rule and the birth of a democratic nation.
Marking the Nepal Independence Year: A Democratic Dawn
The year 2008 marked a significant turn in Nepal’s journey as a nation. As some refer to it, the Nepal independence year signifies the dawn of a new era of democracy and republicanism in the country.
Following the decade-long Maoist insurgency and the people’s movement of 2006, the centuries-old monarchy was abolished, and the country was declared a federal democratic republic.
On May 28, 2008, the Constituent Assembly’s first meeting officially declared Nepal a republic, ending 240 years of monarchy.
This pivotal moment is celebrated annually as the Republic Day of Nepal, reflecting the people’s will for self-governance and symbolizing their triumph in shaping their national destiny.
Nepal Independence Day 2023: Looking Forward
Fast forward to the present, the upcoming Nepal Independence Day 2023, also known as Ganatantra Diwas, will continue to honour the resilience and determination of the Nepalese people.
Today, citizens nationwide will engage in various activities that express their national pride and commitment to democratic values.
The celebrations usually include flag-raising ceremonies, parades, cultural performances, and public speeches, reflecting the country’s diverse cultural heritage and the unyielding spirit of its people.
Kathmandu’s capital becomes a vibrant mosaic of colour and joy, encapsulating the collective sentiment of freedom and self-governance.
National Day of Nepal: A Unique Celebration
While the Republic Day of Nepal may not be a traditional ‘Independence Day’, it carries the essence of one. As the National Day of Nepal, it is a unique celebration, embracing the distinct journey the nation has taken towards self-rule.
Ganatantra Diwas symbolizes not just the end of the monarchy but also the affirmation of the people’s power in shaping the nation’s future.
Each year, as the nation celebrates this day, it also reaffirms its commitment to upholding the democratic values and principles that form the bedrock of the modern Nepalese state.
