Whether embarking on a Himalayan trek or immersing yourself in Nepal’s national parks, you will encounter many plant species as you venture deeper into the Nepali jungles.

From the captivating national flower of Nepal, Laliguras, to the elusive Royal Bengal Tiger and the endangered snow leopard, Nepal offers a rich tapestry of natural wonders waiting to be explored.

The Biodiversity of Nepal

Nepal, spanning 147,181 square kilometres, encompasses diverse habitats, from the Terai savannahs to the towering Himalayas that pierce the sky.

Ranging from as low as 70 meters above sea level to over eight thousand meters, Nepal is home to over 400 species of endemic vascular plants, while over 2,500 species of flora fall under a thousand genera and 199 families.

In this article, we have compiled a list of plants in Nepal that are endangered or rare and some that possess medicinal properties. This collection highlights the vital need for conservation efforts to protect these precious resources.

List of Rare and Endangered Plants of Nepal

1. Spikenard (Jatamasi)
   
   

   

   Botanical Name: Nardostachys jatamansi
   Group: honeysuckle
   Range: Himalayas of Nepal, India and China
   
   Description: The Spikenard has a distinct appearance that stands out from other species, with pink and white coloured flowers and entangled hairs on the root.
   Distribution and Habitat: Found in excessive areas of Nepal, from 3000 to 5000 meters.
   Uses: The roots of Spikenard have been well known for centuries in preparing fragrant oil.  This oil is used for the treatment of epilepsy, cholera, and heart sickness.
   Conservation Status: The National Authority of Nepal has restricted the export of Spikenard.Z
   
2. Himalayan Yew (Lauth Salla)
   

   

   
   Botanical Name: Taxus Wallichiana
   Group: Taxaceae
   Range: Himalayas and parts of Southeast Asia
   
   Description: The Himalayan Yew has a leaf-like comb and grows up to about 8 meters in height.
   Distribution and Habitat: Found majorly at elevations of 1700m to 3400m.
   Uses: Known for its beneficial attributes for its anti-cancer properties; very beneficial for cancer survivors.
   Conservation Status: Endangered by the IUCN.
   
3. Cordyceps (Yarsagumba)
   

   

   
   Botanical Name: Ophiocordyceps sinesis
   Group: Phiocordycipitaceae
   Range: Nepal, India, Tibet, Bhutan
   
   Description: A type of lichen that grows in a caterpillar’s body, about 5 to 8 cm long, and reproduces through spores. As the fibres spread in the caterpillar, it weakens and later dies, sprouting lichen with nutrition from its body. This transformation results in the upper part being lichen and the lower part the dead caterpillar.
   Distribution and Habitat: Found in the Himalayan meadows above 3000 to 4200 meters in Nepal. They are found in Sagarmatha National Park and far northwest regions of Nepal.
   Uses: Used as medicine for heart and mental disease. Also used for its Viagra-like properties. It is believed to provide energy; people eat it with milk and honey.
   Conservation Status: Vulnerable (IUCN). It is restricted for collection, distribution, and export in Nepal.
   
4. Serpentina (Sarpagandha)
   

   

   
   Botanical Name: Rauvolfia serpentine
   Group: Apocynaceae
   Range: Nepal, India and East Asia (From India to Indonesia)
   
   Description: Serpentina is a small, perennial, and glabrous herb. The leaves are lanceolate, and the flowers are white or pinkish, occurring in whorls. The fruit is a small, ovoid capsule containing numerous seeds.
   Distribution and Habitat: Found in the sub-Himalayan regions up to 1,000 meters (3,300 ft).
   Uses: For medicinal purposes, indigenous peoples use it for cough, fever, pain, and frost. These plants’ applications are also described in Ayurveda for medical purposes.
   Conservation Status: Included in the IUCN’s endangered list due to poor traditional propagation methods.
   
5. Golden Himalayan Raspberry (Aiselu)
   

   

   
   Botanical Name: Rubus ellopticus
   Group: Rosaceae
   Range: China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, and Indochina
   
   Description: Asian species of thorny fruiting shrub in the rose family. Large shrub with stout stems growing up to 4.5 meters. Flowers are short white, have five petals, and grow in clusters.
   Distribution and Habitat: Origin in the temperate Himalayan ranges, found at 1500 m to 2,100 m.
   Uses: Sweet to taste and commonly harvested for domestic use. However, its bark carries medicinal reasons in Tibetan villages as a renal tonic and an antidiuretic. The juice can treat fevers, coughs, sore throat, and colic.
   Conservation Status: Not extinct, as they grow as weeds in the temperate Himalayan region and can be found abundantly.
   
6. Golden Michelia (Champaca)
   

   

   
   Botanical Name: Magnolia Champaca
   Group: Magnoliaceae
   Range: South Asia, Southeast Asia-Indochina and Southern China
   
   Description: Grows to 50 meters tall. The tree has a narrow umbelliform crown and fragrant solid flowers in shades of cream to yellow-orange, blooming from June to September.
   Distribution and Habitat: Tropical and subtropical forest ecoregions at elevations of 200 to 1,600 meters. Native to Bangladesh, China, Cambodia, Maldives, Malaysia, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, and the Philippines.
   Uses: Its fragrance and flowers are valued in worship ceremonies worn by ladies as a beauty ornament and natural perfume.
   Jean Patou’s “Joy,” the second best-selling perfume in the world, is derived partly from the essential oils of Champa flowers.
   Conservation Status: IUCN threat species, banned by the Nepal government for collection; however, very little concern has been given for its conservation.
   
7. Panch Aunle
   

   

   
   Botanical Name: Dactylorhiza hatagirea
   Group: Orchidoideae
   Range: Himalayan belt of Pakistan to SE Tibet
   
   Description: Looks like a palm with five fingers, producing flowers in blue.
   Distribution and Habitat: Found at 2300 to 3600 meters in Nepal. One place where it is found is Langtang National Park.
   Uses: A rare medicinal plant of Nepal, its roots are energetic and used for making medicines commerce.
   Conservation Status: Endemic to Hindu-Kush Himalaya, endangered, categorized in CAMP Pokhara’s (2001) conservation list, and strictly banned for utilization, collection, and sale.
   
8. Himalayan Blue Poppy
   

   

   
   Botanical Name: Meconopsis
   Group: Papaveraceae
   Range: alpine and subalpine habitats in China, Burma, Tibet, Nepal, India and neighbouring countries
   
   Description: Part of the genus Meconopsis does not just come in blue but in diverse shades of violet, yellow, red, white, and orange. Most available are the big blue poppies. It has a height of approx. 120cm.
   Distribution and Habitat: Grow in cooler temperatures, generally on cool, wet summers and cold, dry winters, on open, exposed to sun rocky hillsides, and forested regions of Nepal with partial shade and richer soil.
   Uses: Anti-inflammatory and soothing actions. Potency helps to treat fever in the bones, ribs, and upper back pains, heal fractured bones, and strengthen.
   Conservation Status: Not specified; however, due to its medicinal properties, it is at risk of over-collection.
   
9. Bhotelahara
   

   

   
   Botanical Name: Gnetum montanum
   Group: Gynetaceace
   Range: Globally found in subtropical region
   
   Description: Found in Nepal, India, Southern China, Taiwan, Indochina, and Peninsular Malaysia.
   Distribution and Habitat: Subtropical broadleaved forests, up to 2700 meters.
   Uses: Fibers from its bark are used in making gunny bags, ropes, and fishing nets. Seeds yield edible oil, eaten fried, and used for making wine. The sap is used as a cold drink. Conservation Status: Endangered.

Many native plants like Golden Michelia are endangered in Nepal due to various factors such as habitat loss, illegal logging, and over-exploitation for commercial purposes.

Additionally, lack of awareness and inadequate conservation efforts contribute to the decline of these species.

Despite the ban on collection by the Nepal government, little concern has been given to the conservation of Golden Michelia in Nepal, exacerbating the problem.

Conservation Efforts

How to Contribute

• Promoting Sustainable Tourism: As a tourist, you can contribute by promoting sustainable tourism. Avoid buying products made from endangered plants and respect the local customs and traditions.

• Supporting Local Conservation Efforts: Support local conservation efforts by donating to local NGOs or participating in community-based conservation programs.

• Raising Awareness and Education: Raise awareness about the importance of biodiversity conservation and educate others about Nepal’s rare and endangered plants.

The beauty and biodiversity of Nepal are under threat, and it’s up to us to make a change. We cannot afford to lose them. Whether volunteering, donating, or simply sharing this blog to raise awareness, you can make a difference.

Join the movement to protect Nepal’s precious flora by supporting conservation efforts, spreading awareness, and practising responsible tourism and consumption. Every small effort counts.

Act now! Share this blog, support conservation organizations, and be a responsible traveller and consumer. Remember, the future is in our hands. Let’s make it a brighter one.

Frequently Asked Questions

The post Rare and Endangered Plants of Nepal appeared first on Source Nepal.

IKEA is renowned for its stylish furniture and its majestic variety of indoor plants, ranging from the grand Majestic Palm to low-maintenance cacti.

If you’re a beginner to indoor planting and gardening, IKEA is the perfect place to kick-start your green journey.

Lets us understand the insights into selecting and purchasing the best of IKEA’s plant offerings. 

What to Consider Before Buying Your First Himalaya Mix Plant 

Like many starters, who are new to the plantation, horticulture and indoor living aesthetics, it is essential to understand that each species has its unique characteristic.

Novice planter should hold their enthusiasm and concentrate on understanding various perspectives of breeding plants. It is eminent to consider the lighting requirements and the preferred environment of the plant before purchasing them.

For example, IKEA plants have been found to thrive in shaded, humid environments without harsh sunrays and with proper humidity control.

Here are some considerations to ensure the health and longevity of your new plant. 

The Art of Caring for Your Himalaya Mix Plant 

Caring for a Himalaya Mix plant is a fulfilling endeavour that requires understanding its unique needs and providing the right environment for it to thrive. The following points delve into the art of Himalaya Mix Plant care:

1. Location and Light

Himalaya Mix plants generally prefer bright, indirect light. This means they should be placed in a well-lit area but out of the direct path of sunlight, which could cause leaf burn.

However, keep in mind that some species within the mix, like the Snake Plant, can tolerate lower light conditions.

2. Watering 

Overwatering is a common mistake in plant care and can lead to root rot. Himalaya Mix plants prefer their soil to dry out completely between watering sessions.

This usually translates to watering once or twice a week, but it can vary depending on the climate, plant size, and growth stage. Always check the soil moisture level before watering.

3. Soil and Fertility

Himalaya Mix plants need well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging. A good-quality potting mix specifically designed for indoor plants should do the trick.

These plants are not heavy feeders, but they appreciate a feed with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer during the growing season (spring to fall).

4. Temperature and Humidity

These plants are generally adaptable and can tolerate various indoor temperatures. However, they prefer temperatures between 65°F to 80°F.

As for humidity, regular room humidity should be sufficient, but if your environment is arid, consider using a humidifier or placing your plant on a water-filled pebble tray to increase humidity.

5. Pruning and Maintenance

Pruning is necessary for maintaining your plant’s shape and size and promoting fuller growth. Remove any yellow or brown leaves to keep your plant looking its best and to prevent potential disease spread.

If your plant is growing too large for its pot, consider repotting it in a slightly larger pot with fresh potting mix.

6. Post Control 

Watch out for common houseplant pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects. If you spot any, isolate your plant immediately to prevent the problems from spreading to your other plants.

You can use insecticidal soap or a mixture of water and mild dish soap to treat the infestation.

Best Selling Plants at IKEA 

IKEA’s extensive range of plants offers something for everyone, from novices to seasoned plant enthusiasts. Here, we’ll delve into the unique characteristics and care requirements of some of IKEA’s best-selling plants. 

Dracaena

Known for their strikingly long, arching leaves, Dracaena plants can add a tropical touch to your interior décor. They’re remarkably resilient and can thrive in lower light conditions, making them an excellent choice for those with less sunlit spaces. 

Cacti 

Cacti could be the perfect choice if you’re new to indoor plants or prefer low-maintenance greenery. These hardy plants are known for their unique shapes and require infrequent watering, making them an excellent option for those with busy lifestyles. 

Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) 

Golden Pothos, also known as Devil’s Ivy, is a popular indoor plant due to its trailing vines adorned with heart-shaped leaves. It’s incredibly hardy and can survive in a range of light conditions. Moreover, this plant is known for its air-purifying qualities, making it a healthy addition to your home. 

Sansevieria (Snake Plant)

Sansevieria, known as the Snake Plant or Mother-in-Law’s Tongue, is famous for its architectural shape and adaptability to various growing conditions. It’s renowned for its ability to purify the air by removing toxins. It can survive in both high and low light conditions, making it an ideal choice for beginners and those looking for a hardy, low-maintenance plant. 

Palm Plant 

Bringing a touch of the tropics to your home, palm plants can add a fresh and vibrant feel to any room. They’re favoured for their feathery, arching fronds and are generally relatively easy to maintain, though they appreciate a bright spot away from direct sunlight. 

Deep Dive into Himalaya Mix Plant Care

Himalaya Mix plants are an eccentric mix of species, each with unique care requirements. Most of these plants have higher endurance and survival rates and can thrive despite minimalistic attention.

Let’s take an introspection into the specific needs of some of these popular choices:

1. Peperomia Belly Button (Peperomia Verticillata)

Peperomia verticillata, with its small size and adorable round leaves, is perfect for windowsills or desktops. It prefers medium to bright indirect light, and like its Rotundifolia cousin, it needs water when the top half of the soil dries out. A well-draining soil is essential to prevent root rot.

2. Senecia Barbertonicus

This succulent shrub is unique with its vibrant, pointy leaves. It thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade.

Like most succulents, it requires infrequent watering and a well-draining soil mix. This plant can grow up to 6 feet tall, so regular pruning is recommended to manage its size.

3. Sedum Makinoi (Japanese Stonecrop)

This succulent plant features petite, round leaves on sprawling stems. It prefers full sun to partial shade and requires watering when the soil is parched. A well-draining soil mix, such as cacti or succulents, is ideal. It is a fast grower, and repotting every two years would be sufficient.

4. Spider Plant (Chlorophytum)

Spider Plants are known for their long, thin, arching foliage, often with variegated green and white patterns. They are low-maintenance plants that can tolerate a range of light conditions, though they prefer bright, indirect sunlight.

Water the Spider Plant when the top inch of soil feels dry, and provide well-draining potting soil to prevent waterlogging. They are not heavy feeders and do well with standard houseplant fertilizer during the growing season.

5. Peperomia Fosteri

This Peperomia species boasts of its distinctive ribbed leaves. It prefers bright, indirect light and needs to dry out between waterings.

Like other Peperomia, it thrives in a well-draining soil mix and doesn’t require frequent repotting.

6. Peperomia Rotundifolia (Round Leaf Peperomia)

This plant features round, glossy leaves on trailing stems, making it perfect for hanging baskets. Peperomia prefers bright, indirect light and needs watering when the top half of the soil is dry. They like well-draining soil and do not need frequent repotting.

IKEA Plants That Are Safe for Pets 

Plant owners with furry friends must be extra cautious when selecting plants for their homes, as some plants can be toxic to pets. Fortunately, IKEA offers several pet-friendly plants. These include:

1. Aechmea

A type of bromeliad, Aechmea is a tropical plant known for its stunning, long-lasting flower spikes. These plants are non-toxic to cats and dogs and are generally easy to care for, making them an excellent choice for pet owners.

2. Beaucarnea Recurvata (Ponytail Palm)

Despite its common name, the Ponytail Palm is not a Palm but is a member of the Asparagaceae family. The plant is known for its bulbous trunk, which stores water, and long, hair-like leaves. It is non-toxic to cats and dogs.

3. Bromeliaceae (Bromeliads)

Bromeliads are a diverse family of plants known for their vibrant, long-lasting flowers and unique growth habit. Most Bromeliads are safe for pets, but check the specific variety’s always good practice.

4. Chamaedorea Elegans (Parlor Palm)

This small palm is one of the most popular houseplants due to its adaptability to low light conditions and compact growth habit. Parlour Palms are non-toxic to cats and dogs.

5. Crassula (Jade Plants)

Crassula is a large genus of succulent plants, including the popular Jade Plant. These plants are generally safe for pets, but some species, like the Crassula ovata, commonly known as Jade Plant, can cause mild stomach upset if pets ingest them.

6. Pachira Aquatica (Money Tree)

Money Trees are famous for their distinctive braided trunks and lush foliage. These plants are safe for cats and dogs.

7. Ravenea (Majesty Palm)

Majesty Palms are large indoor plants that can add a tropical feel to your home. They are safe for cats and dogs.

8. Schlumbergera (Christmas Cactus)

The Christmas Cactus is known for its bright, tubular flowers that bloom around the holiday season. These plants are safe for pets.

Remember, even pet-friendly plants can cause mild stomach upset if ingested in large amounts. It’s always best to keep houseplants out of reach of curious pets and to contact a veterinarian if you notice any changes in your pet’s behaviour or health.

Plants to Avoid if You’re a Pet Owner

While many plants are safe for our furry friends, there are several that can be harmful or even fatal if ingested by pets. Here are some popular IKEA plants that pet owners should be wary of:

Aloe Vera

A common houseplant known for its healing gel, Aloe Vera is, unfortunately, toxic to pets. It can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, depression, and urinary changes in cats and dogs.

Replacement: Consider switching to a “Haworthia“. This succulent is a small, low-growing plant that resembles Aloe Vera with its thick, fleshy leaves, but it has distinctive white stripes and is safe for pets.

Clivia (Clivia Miniata)

Clivia is a popular houseplant with bright, tropical flowers. However, it contains lycorine, a substance that can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and other symptoms in pets.

Replacement: “African Violet” (Saintpaulia) is a pet-friendly alternative with fuzzy green leaves and blooms in multiple shades.

Sago Palm (Cycas Revoluta):

The Sago Palm is a popular indoor and outdoor plant. However, all parts of this plant are highly toxic to pets, particularly the seeds. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, seizures, and liver failure or death in severe cases.

Replacement: The Parlor Palm (Chamaedorea elegans) is a terrific pet-friendly alternative. This plant is known for its elegant, feathery fronds and does well in lower light conditions.

Embrace the Green Life with IKEA’s Himalaya Mix Plants 

Whether you’re a seasoned plant parent or just beginning your journey into the world of indoor gardening, IKEA’s assortment of Himalaya Mix Plants provides the perfect opportunity to transform your indoor spaces.

These plants contribute to the aesthetic appeal of your home and play a significant role in enhancing the air quality, thereby promoting a healthier living environment.

Each Himalaya Mix Plant, from the elegant Spider Plant to the resilient Peperomia, brings its unique charm and set of care requirements.

By understanding the specific needs of these plants in terms of lighting, watering, and soil conditions, you can ensure their healthy growth and longevity.

For pet owners, IKEA offers an array of pet-friendly plants that can add beauty to your home without posing a risk to your furry companions.

Meanwhile, if you have pets that tend to nibble on your greenery, being aware of the plants to avoid, such as Aloe Vera and Clivia, is paramount to their safety.

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